在流體管道系統(tǒng)中，閥門是控制元件，其主要作用是隔離設(shè)備和管道系統(tǒng)、調(diào)節(jié)流量、防止回流、調(diào)節(jié)和排泄壓力。

　　In fluid pipeline systems, valves are control components whose main functions are to isolate equipment and pipeline systems, regulate flow, prevent backflow, and regulate and discharge pressure.

　　閥門可用于控制空氣、水、蒸汽、各種腐蝕性介質(zhì)、泥漿、油品、液態(tài)金屬和放射性介質(zhì)等各種類型流體的流動(dòng)。由于管道系統(tǒng)選擇最適合的閥門顯得非常重要，所以，了解閥門的特性及選擇閥門的步驟和依據(jù)也變得至關(guān)重要起來。一、閥門的分類閥門總的可分兩大類：1、自動(dòng)閥門依靠介質(zhì)（液體、氣體）本身的能力而自行動(dòng)作的閥門。

　　Valves can be used to control the flow of various types of fluids such as air, water, steam, various corrosive media, mud, oil, liquid metals, and radioactive media. Due to the importance of selecting the most suitable valve for pipeline systems, understanding the characteristics of valves and the steps and criteria for selecting valves have become crucial. 1、 The classification of valves can generally be divided into two categories: 1. Automatic valves that rely on the ability of the medium (liquid, gas) to operate on their own.

　　如止回閥、安全閥、調(diào)節(jié)閥、疏水閥、減壓閥等。2、驅(qū)動(dòng)閥門借助手動(dòng)、電動(dòng)、液動(dòng)、氣動(dòng)來操縱動(dòng)作的閥門。

　　Such as check valves, safety valves, regulating valves, drain valves, pressure reducing valves, etc. 2. A valve that is operated manually, electrically, hydraulically, or pneumatically to control its movement.

　　如閘閥，截止閥、節(jié)流閥、蝶閥、球閥、旋塞閥等。按結(jié)構(gòu)特征，根據(jù)關(guān)閉件相對(duì)于閥座移動(dòng)的方向可分為：

　　Such as gate valves, globe valves, throttle valves, butterfly valves, ball valves, plug valves, etc. According to the structural characteristics, it can be divided into:

　?。?）截門形：關(guān)閉件沿著閥座中心移動(dòng)；（2）閘門形：關(guān)閉件沿著垂直閥座中心移動(dòng)；（3）旋塞和球形：關(guān)閉件是柱塞或球，圍繞本身的中心線旋轉(zhuǎn)；（4）旋啟形：關(guān)閉件圍繞閥座外的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)；（5）碟形：關(guān)閉件的圓盤，圍繞閥座內(nèi)的軸旋轉(zhuǎn)；（6）滑閥形：關(guān)閉件在垂直于通道的方向滑動(dòng)。按用途，根據(jù)閥門的不同用途可分為：

　　(1) Truncated gate shape: the closing element moves along the center of the valve seat; (2) Gate shaped: The closing component moves along the center of the vertical valve seat; (3) Cock and ball: The closing component is a plunger or ball that rotates around its own centerline; (4) Spiral opening shape: the closing element rotates around the axis outside the valve seat; (5) Disc shape: a circular disk of a closure that rotates around an axis inside the valve seat; (6) Slide valve shape: The closing element slides in a direction perpendicular to the channel. According to their different uses, valves can be divided into:

　?。?）開斷用：用來接通或切斷管路介質(zhì)，如截止閥、閘閥、球閥、蝶閥等。（2）止回用：用來防止介質(zhì)倒流，如止回閥。（3）調(diào)節(jié)用：用來調(diào)節(jié)介質(zhì)的壓力和流量，如調(diào)節(jié)閥、減壓閥。（4）分配用：用來改變介質(zhì)流向、分配介質(zhì)，如三通旋塞、分配閥、滑閥等。（5）安全閥：在介質(zhì)壓力超過規(guī)定值時(shí)，用來排放多余的介質(zhì)，保證管路系統(tǒng)及設(shè)備安全，如安全閥、事故閥。（6）其它特殊用途：如疏水閥、放空閥、排污閥等。按驅(qū)動(dòng)方式，根據(jù)不同的驅(qū)動(dòng)方式可分為：（1）手動(dòng)：借助手輪、手柄、杠桿或鏈輪等，有人力驅(qū)動(dòng)，傳動(dòng)較大力矩時(shí)裝有蝸輪、齒輪等減速裝置。（2）電動(dòng)：借助電機(jī)或其他電氣裝置來驅(qū)動(dòng)。（3）液動(dòng)：借助（水、油）來驅(qū)動(dòng)。（4）氣動(dòng)：借助壓縮空氣來驅(qū)動(dòng)。

　　(1) Disconnecting function: used to connect or disconnect pipeline media, such as globe valves, gate valves, ball valves, butterfly valves, etc. (2) Check valve: used to prevent medium backflow, such as a check valve. (3) Regulating: Used to regulate the pressure and flow rate of a medium, such as regulating valves and pressure reducing valves. (4) Distribution purpose: Used to change the flow direction and distribute media, such as three-way plugs, distribution valves, slide valves, etc. (5) Safety valve: Used to discharge excess medium when the medium pressure exceeds the specified value, ensuring the safety of pipeline systems and equipment, such as safety valves and emergency valves. (6) Other special purposes: such as drain valves, vent valves, drain valves, etc. According to the driving method, it can be divided into: (1) manual: with the help of handwheels, handles, levers, or sprockets, there is manual driving, and when transmitting large torque, there are reduction devices such as worm gears and gears. (2) Electric: driven by an electric motor or other electrical device. (3) Hydraulic: driven by (water, oil). (4) Pneumatic: driven by compressed air.

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